Tuesday, July 21, 2009

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symbioses in the coral reef ecosystem

As the most diverse coral reef community the biosphere, forms calls the simultaneous lack of nutrients and space complex matched population sample. The high species density has therefore gradually but through competition for scarce resources, a juxtaposition of interspecific relationship between the reef.
The animals have developed this mechanism of communication and mutual adjustment which constitute one of the most common forms of the symbiosis (sym [g] together and live bios [g]). A symbiosis is a common life of different types of mutual benefit. But even with a well-established symbiosis is a constant competition between the participating Species.
It would not fit three symbiosis types:

commensalism
This is not the benefit each other, but a kind of profits from the joint relationship, the other suffers no damage, eg when the vessel holders (Echeneis naucrates). They attach themselves with their dorsal fin, which is transformed morphologically to a vacuum suction disc on base, to a larger fish. Here is a food and cover community benefits from the ship's owners. The extent of the benefits which the partners in the symbiotic association drag often - especially in the water - because of the complex interaction difficult to detect. It was only later discovered that the landlord will benefit from this symbiosis, as it is free of parasites. Therefore, we term this case rather a facultative symbiosis.
The small perch lays its eggs in the sea urchin, where they are protected from predators by the long spines. It is not known that the Seeingel of this symbiosis has an advantage. Apart
believe that the categorization of complex phenomena is difficult, not least from a classification depends on the particular research.

Optional symbiosis
in facultative symbiosis drag both partners benefit from the relationship. But they are not interdependent.
example, the cleaner fish (Labroides dimiatus)
In a special cleaning station cleans the cleaner fish other species of fish parasites. Although the location remains stable, but change the fish that come to make grooming. The process is initiated by specific cues of the two animals, the cleaner wrasse to launch a very specific dance listing, which signals the other fish that he is ready for cleaning.
makes this behavior of the cleaner fish is also to use the parasite Aspidontus taeniatus. This false turkey fish looks similar to confuse the real and imitated his model perfectly. In this way he can approach his hosts, without This draws suspicion. The parasite is dancing to is the first feel relaxed and ready for cleaning, then approaches the parasite by biting a piece of meat out of it (Bates mimicry).

Obligate symbiosis
An obligate symbiosis is found in the coexistence of their zooxanthellae and coral polyps. Here neither of the two symbiotic partners is more able to survive without the other in the long run. This is the blog of "A Dream Team in danger" described in more detail.

Not only the high density of a species of reef has gradually led to interspecific relationships but also the various forms of symbiotic contributed to the high species density. This leads to ring biological nutrient cycles. One of these close relations encompasses the so-called giant clam (Tridacna sp.). The clam lives in symbiosis with facultative autotrophic zooxanthellae that give them color and provide them with sugar from photosynthesis. At the same time the mussel lives but also come salis table by a red crust sponge (Mycale fistulifera) is covered, in turn, grow in the shade of the jellyfish symbiont of polyps (Nausthoe sp.). In this complex relationship is sensitive to the smallest room four strains associated with each other.

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